Syria’s Ongoing Struggle: How Al-Jolani’s Rule Deepens the Crisis

 

In the aftermath of President Bashar al-Assad’s unexpected departure on December 8, 2024, Syria stands at a critical juncture. The rapid ascent of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), under the leadership of Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, has introduced a complex layer to the nation’s already intricate socio-political landscape. While the fall of a long-standing autocratic regime might suggest a pathway to renewal, the administrative strategies employed by al-Jolani and HTS have, in many respects, intensified the hardships faced by Syrians, compounding their daily struggles.

A Legacy of Authoritarianism

HTS’s governance approach in regions like Idlib has been marked by authoritative control, often stifling dissent and marginalizing opposition. Reports have highlighted instances where HTS’s security apparatus has been accused of human rights violations, including arbitrary detentions and suppression of free speech. Such practices not only mirror the repressive tactics of the previous regime but also erode public trust, leaving citizens disillusioned with the prospects of genuine change. The continuation of such authoritarian measures under a new banner suggests a cyclical pattern of governance that fails to address the root causes of societal unrest.

Economic Strain and Resource Mismanagement

The economic turmoil in Syria has been exacerbated by HTS’s administrative decisions. The imposition of taxes on virtually all aspects of daily life, from basic goods to essential services, has placed an overwhelming financial burden on residents. In Idlib, for instance, the enforcement of taxes on street vendors — many of whom represent the most vulnerable segments of society — has led to widespread unemployment and escalated poverty levels. This aggressive taxation, coupled with the devaluation of the Turkish lira (the region’s adopted currency), has resulted in soaring prices, making basic necessities increasingly inaccessible to the average citizen. Such economic policies, rather than fostering growth, have deepened the financial crisis, pushing more families into destitution.

Erosion of Public Services

The administrative takeover by HTS has also led to the deterioration of essential public services. The health sector, already crippled by years of conflict, has seen further decline due to the group’s interference. International humanitarian organizations, which once provided critical medical aid, have been forced to cease operations in HTS-controlled areas. This exodus is largely attributed to the group’s appropriation of aid resources and the harassment of aid workers. Consequently, residents are left with limited access to medical care, and the few remaining facilities are either inadequately equipped or exorbitantly priced, placing healthcare out of reach for many. The monopolization of aid and services not only undermines public health but also fosters resentment among the populace.

Suppression of Civil Liberties

HTS’s governance has been characterized by stringent control over civil liberties. Media outlets and independent journalism have been heavily censored, with activists facing threats, imprisonment, or worse for voicing dissent. This climate of fear stifles free expression and inhibits the development of a vibrant civil society. The lack of transparency and open dialogue perpetuates a culture of oppression, reminiscent of the very regime Syrians sought to overthrow. Such suppression not only violates fundamental human rights but also stymies the nation’s progress toward a more open and democratic society.

Challenges in International Relations

The international community remains wary of engaging with HTS due to its historical affiliations and ongoing practices. Despite attempts at rebranding, the group’s previous ties to extremist organizations have led to its designation as a terrorist entity by numerous countries. This isolation hampers Syria’s ability to receive much-needed foreign aid and investment, further crippling its economy and reconstruction efforts. The reluctance of the global community to engage with HTS-controlled regions leaves Syria in a precarious position, where the lack of external support exacerbates internal challenges.

A Path Forward

For Syria to emerge from this quagmire, a multifaceted approach is essential. Al-Jolani and HTS must prioritize the establishment of inclusive governance structures that respect human rights and foster economic stability. Engaging with diverse political factions, civil society organizations, and international bodies can pave the way for a more representative and effective administration. Transparency, accountability, and a genuine commitment to the welfare of all Syrians are paramount in rebuilding trust and guiding the nation toward a more hopeful future. Without such reforms, the cycle of suffering and oppression is likely to persist, undermining any prospects for lasting peace and prosperity.

In conclusion, while the departure of Assad offered a glimmer of hope for many Syrians, the subsequent administrative failures under al-Jolani’s leadership have compounded the nation’s woes. Addressing these challenges requires a concerted effort to break free from authoritarian practices, implement equitable economic policies, and engage constructively with the global community. Only then can Syria begin to heal from its prolonged turmoil and build a future that honors the resilience and aspirations of its people.